Publications

The Indus Waters Treaty 1960 signed by India, Pakistan, and the World Bank (Indus Treaty) — negotiated over almost a decade and described as a ​“bright spot” for its balanced approach to riparian interests is now the site of recurring conflicts over India’s development of hydro-electric plants on the ​“Western Rivers” (the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab), the waters from which India is obliged to ​“let flow” except for…

In what has passed into diplomatic lore, when Henry Kissinger asked Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1972 for his thoughts on the French Revolution (1789), he replied that it was ​“too early to say.” The mis-translated reference was to the French student riots in 1968, but before it could be corrected, the response became a metaphor for far-sighted leaders thinking in centuries rather than years. In considering the current frenzy over unilateral…

In August 2024, a violent uprising in Bangladesh (dubbed the ​‘Monsoon Revolution’) led to a political regime change, ending the fifteen-year term of Bangladesh’s previous Prime Minister. Taking stock of Bangladesh’s economy on priority, the new interim government (supported by the military and with constitutional approval by the Bangladeshi Supreme Court) recently issued a 400-page White Paper on the State of the Bangladesh…

In January 2025, India’s Consumer Protection Authority issued notices to Ola and Uber based on the allegation that these ride-sharing platforms were differentially pricing services based on the profile of the end user — iPhones were charged higher than Android devices and, anecdotally, also variably based on remaining battery level. The question of processing customer data extraneous to the relevant service based on mandatory consent to…

There is increasing debate surrounding the unprecedented use of unilateral sanctions in recent years (e.g. by the US, the EU, Japan, China, and Russia) — specifically, their legality under international law (as countermeasures), legality under WTO law (as national security exceptions), their architecture and overall market-distorting effect, and investment protection and/​or administrative disputes against (allegedly wrongful)…