The Consistency of Capital Flow Regulation under the US Model BIT 2012 vis à vis the IMF and the WTO

This paper compares capital flow regulation across the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, Bilateral Investment Treaties (specifically the US Model BIT 2012), and the GATT and the GATS agreements administered by the World Trade Organization. Revisiting these regulatory frameworks is significant in the context of increased global liquidity following the extensive use of unconventional monetary policies in recent years. While used successfully as a stabilizing tool post the 2008 crisis, retracting such unconventional monetary policies would likely lead to adverse financial spillovers requiring an increased use of capital flow regulation.